See philological on Wiktionary
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish philology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish philological\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"philological\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"philological\">\nFrom philology + -ical.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish philology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish philological\nFrom philology + -ical.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "philological (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "philologist"
},
{
"word": "philology"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to the history of literature and words."
],
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"words",
"words"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to historical linguistics."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"historical linguistics",
"historical linguistics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) Pertaining to historical linguistics."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɪ.ləˈlɒ.dʒɪ.kəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-philological.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-philological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-philological.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-philological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-philological.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "philologic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "banasirakan",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "բանասիրական"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filolóxicu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "filalahíčny",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "філалагі́чны"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filològic"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologisk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologisch"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "philologique"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filolóxico"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "philologisch"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filológiai"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologico"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filoloģisks"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologisk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologisk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologic"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologiczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filológico"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologista"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "filologíčeskij",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "филологи́ческий"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filòloškī"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filológico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "filologisk"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "palawikain"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "filolohíčnyj",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "філологі́чний"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "filologish",
"sense": "philological",
"word": "פֿילאָלאָגיש"
}
],
"word": "philological"
}
Download raw JSONL data for philological meaning in All languages combined (10.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.